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Menstrual Phases

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Before Your Period (Follicular Phase & Ovulation)

  • Hormonal changes: The cycle begins when your body starts preparing for potential pregnancy. The pituitary gland in your brain releases a hormone called FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), which stimulates the growth of follicles in your ovaries.

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  • Egg development: One of these follicles will mature into an egg. As it grows, the ovaries produce more estrogen, which thickens the lining of the uterus in preparation for a fertilized egg.
     

  • Ovulation: Around the middle of your cycle, a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation, releasing the mature egg from the ovary.

During Your Period (Menstrual Phase)

  • If the egg is not fertilized, hormone levels drop (especially estrogen and progesterone), and the thickened lining of the uterus (endometrium) sheds.

  • This shedding is what causes menstrual bleeding, which usually lasts between 3-7 days. This is the body’s way of flushing out the unused tissue from the uterus.

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After Your Period (Luteal Phase)

  • Once menstruation ends, the body starts preparing for the next cycle.

  • The ovary continues to produce progesterone, which helps maintain the uterine lining for a potential pregnancy.

  • If no fertilization occurs, the cycle repeats, starting with the drop in hormone levels and the next menstrual period.

 

 

This process repeats roughly every 28 days but can vary from person to person.

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